{"id":59,"date":"2005-08-08T17:42:41","date_gmt":"2005-08-08T09:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/min-mei.org\/blog\/2005\/08\/08\/59\/"},"modified":"2006-08-18T16:43:07","modified_gmt":"2006-08-18T08:43:07","slug":"thirdwonder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/min-mei.org\/blog\/2005\/08\/08\/59\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53f0\u7063\u68d2\u7403\u4e03\u5927\u4e0d\u601d\u8b70\u5176\u4e4b\u4e09\u3000\u6295\u624b\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u5229\u7528\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u800c\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u865b\u7121\u98c4\u6e3a\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u3002\u6b66\u7559\u4e3b\uff0e\u6469\u4ff1\u5b87\u5a01\u91cc\u4e9e\u535a\u58eb (Bruce McWilliams) \u5229\u7528\u5169\u7d44\u6e2c\u529b\u677f\u6e2c\u91cf\u6295\u7403\u6642\u5169\u8173\u56e0\u65bd\u529b\u800c\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u5730\u9762\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u5728\u6295\u7403\u6642\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u9019\u4efd 1998 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\u5118\u7ba1\u52d5\u4f5c\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d7\u6e2c\u6295\u624b\u5728\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u65bd\u529b\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5982\u540c\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u65bd\u529b\u8207\u7403\u901f\u662f\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u3002\u6295\u624b\u7684\u8ef8\u5fc3\u8173\u5c07\u8eab\u9ad4\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u9001\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u6b64\u6642 ( \u5927\u7d04\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u8457\u5730\u524d ) \u5782\u76f4\u65bd\u4e88\u5730\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u5728\u7403\u51fa\u624b\u6642\u963b\u6b62\u8eab\u9ad4\u5411\u524d\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b64\u6642\u5782\u76f4\u65bd\u4e88\u5730\u9762\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u90fd\u8207\u7403\u901f\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6b63\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u8de8\u6b65\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8ef8\u5fc3\u8173\u8981\u5f37\u529b\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u63a8\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u5411\u524d\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u8981\u5728\u8457\u5730\u5f8c\u5f37\u529b\u963b\u6b62\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u524d\u79fb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7528\u529b\u5730\u5f80\u5730\u9762\u8e29\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u63da\u68c4\u5f9e\u524d\u90a3\u4e9b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u5728\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u6295\u7403\u4e2d\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u7684\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u660e\u77ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u89c0\u5bdf\u6295\u624b\u52d5\u4f5c\u6642\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u4e9b\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u505a\u5230\u5462\uff1f\u8ef8\u5fc3\u8173\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6295\u624b\u7684\u8de8\u6b65\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u6f54\u800c\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u63a8\u65b7\u662f\u5426\u5f37\u529b\u63a8\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u5411\u524d\u3002\u88ab\u6e2c\u51fa\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u503c\u767c\u751f\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u5373\u5c07\u8457\u5730\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u8ef8\u5fc3\u8173\u7684\u819d\u84cb\u5167\u8f49\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u6ce2\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8de8\u6b65\u904e\u5927\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u8457\u5730\u524d\u8ef8\u5fc3\u8173\u6bd4\u8f03\u50be\u5411\u96e2\u958b\u6295\u624b\u677f\uff0c\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u63a8\u52d5\u548c\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8de8\u6b65\u904e\u5927\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c0d\u7403\u901f\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u963b\u6b62\u8eab\u9ad4\u5411\u524d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u963b\u6b62\u5c0f\u817f\u548c\u8173\u7684\u593e\u89d2\u7e2e\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u963b\u6b62\u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002\u540c\u6642\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u5411\u4e0b\u8e29\uff0c\u5247\u8f14\u52a9\u4e86\u5c0f\u817f\u548c\u8173\u7684\u593e\u89d2\u589e\u5927\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\u4f38\u5c55\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u9019\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65bd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u548c\u817f\u4e0a\u9020\u6210\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u5e6b\u52a9\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u770b\u5230\u819d\u95dc\u7bc0\u4f38\u76f4\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u51fa\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u500b\u300c\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u51fa\u529b\u7684\u8b49\u660e\u300d\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u570b\u5167\u6559\u7df4\u7684\u773c\u88e1\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u6070\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u5229\u7528\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u300d\u3002\u8077\u68d2\u96dc\u8a8c\u9080\u8acb\u570b\u5167\u67d0\u6559\u7df4\u8a55\u50f9 Mike Garcia \u6642\uff0c\u8a72\u6559\u7df4\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\u9019\u500b\u52d5\u4f5c\u662f\u300c\u6d0b\u6295\u7684\u901a\u75c5\u300d\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6559\u7df4\u6307\u5c0e\u7403\u54e1\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u60f3\u800c\u77e5\u662f\u5927\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u539f\u672c\u6709\u5229\u7528\u5230\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u7403\u54e1\u6539\u9020\u6210\u5403\u4e0d\u5230\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u529b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u300c\u958b\u59cb\u6703\u5229\u7528\u4e0b\u534a\u8eab\u300d\u7684\u9078\u624b\u5a01\u529b\u4e0d\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u589e\u5f37\u53cd\u800c\u9084\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7576\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u819d\u84cb\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f38\u5c55\uff0c\u4f9d\u64da\u7f85\u98db\u5442\uff0e\u60e0\u9808\u83ef\u5fa1\u7f85\u535a\u58eb (Rafael Escamilla, 1998) \u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a69\u56fa\u652f\u6490\u4e26\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0a\u534a\u8eab\u7684\u5411\u524d\u626d\u8f49\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f86\u81ea\u8c6a\u5dde\u7684\u6b66\u7559\u4e3b\uff0e\u6c5f\u91cc\u5fa1\u5c60\u535a\u58eb (Bruce Elliott, 1988) \u5c31\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0a\u534a\u8eab\u8d8a\u904e\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u652f\u6490\u8173\u9032\u884c\u626d\u8f49\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u7403\u6295\u624b\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u901f\u6642\u8b93\u81ea\u7531\u8173\u9032\u884c\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6703\u963b\u7919\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u626d\u8f49\u4e26\u4e14\u8b93\u4e0a\u534a\u8eab\u7121\u6cd5\u4e0b\u58d3\u5373\u63d0\u65e9\u653e\u7403\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u677e\u5c3e\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 3% \u7684\u5feb\u901f\u7d44\u6295\u624b\u5728\u653e\u7403\u6642\u819d\u84cb\u5728\u5f4e\u66f2\uff0c\u537b\u6709 43% \u7684\u6162\u901f\u7d44\u6295\u624b\u6709\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

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